El-Ihsan: Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): El-Ihsan: Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education
Articles

Konsep Insan Kamil Dalam Akhlak Nabi Muhammad SAW. Perspektif Quraish Shihab Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam

PDF
  • Rahmadani Akbar
Rahmadani Akbar
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga
Bio

Published 2025-12-29

Keywords

  • insan kamil,
  • islamic education,
  • Quraish Shihab,
  • Prophet’s Morality

Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmadani Akbar

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This article aims to examine the concept of insan kamil in the morals of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. based on the thoughts of Quraish Shihab, and its relevance to the paradigm of Islamic education. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature study method with the main sources being the works of Quraish Shihab and Islamic education literature. The main finding of this article is that insan kamil in Quraish Shihab's perspective is a human being who actualizes divine values in real life, with the Prophet Muhammad SAW. as his ideal figure. He not only conveyed Islamic teachings normatively, but also represented them practically through his exemplary morals as a living educational model. In the context of Islamic education, the concept of insan kamil has implications for the goals, curriculum, methods, and evaluation of education. The goal is to form a person with noble character, the curriculum is integrative, the method is based on exemplary behavior, and the evaluation emphasizes character transformation. Therefore, Islamic education should adopt a holistic approach that not only forms intellectual intelligence, but also the spiritual depth and moral maturity of students as exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

PDF

References

  1. Ainusyamsi, Fadlil Yani, dan Husni Husni. “Perspektif Al-Qur’an tentang Pembebasan Manusia melalui Pendidikan Akhlak.” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 1 (2021): 51. https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v9i1.670.
  2. Akbar, Rahmadani. Manusia Paripurna: Pendidikan Islam sebagai Jalan Mewujudkan Insan Kamil. Hikam Media Utama, 2025.
  3. Akbar, Rahmadani, dan Rahmad Alkhadafi. “Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pendidikan Islam: Tantangan dan Strategi di Era Disrupsi.” Al-Ahnaf: Journal of Islamic Education, Learning and Religious Studies 2, no. 2 (2025): 257–72. https://doi.org/10.61166/ahnaf.v2i2.25.
  4. Akbar, Rahmadani, dan Nur Saidah. “Transformasi Kompetensi Guru PAI Di Abad 21: Perubahan Paradigma Pembelajaran Di Era Digital.” Oasis : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Islam 9, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.24235/oasis.v9i2.19315.
  5. Al Farabi, Mohammad. “Profil Insan Kamil dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam.” Islamijah:Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021).
  6. Al-Mubarakfuri, Shafiyurrahman. Ar-Rahiq al-Makhtum: Sirah Nabawiyah. Terj. Faris Khairul Anam. Qisthi Press, 2014.
  7. Amin, Khoirul, Sudarmadi Putra, dan Widi Aimi. “Characteristics Of Islamic Teachings: Islamic Perspective Of Universal Religion.” Ilmuna: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam 5, no. 1 (2023): 21–41. https://doi.org/10.54437/ilmuna.v5i1.642.
  8. Amril. Akhlak Tasawuf : Meretas Jalan Menuju Akhlak Mulia. PT.Refika Aditama, 2015.
  9. Amstrong, Karen. Muhammad: Nabi di Zaman Kita. Mizan Pustaka, 2013.
  10. Ariani, Rina, dan Mahyudin Ritonga. “Analisis Pembinaan Karakter: Membangun Transformasi Insan Kamil Menurut Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali.” Jurnal Inovatif Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 2 (2024): 174–87. https://doi.org/10.38073/jimpi.v3i2.1649.
  11. Arif, Mahmud. Akhlak Islami & Pola Edukasinya. KENCANA, 2021.
  12. Asy’arie, Musa. Filsafat Islam: Sunnah Nabi dalam Berpikir. Lesfi, 1999.
  13. Bhat, Sameeullah, dan . Nabi. “Islamic ,Ethics Islamic Ethics: Exploring its Principles and Scope.” International Journal of Applied Ethics 10, no. 1 (2024): 77–93. https://doi.org/10.51245/ijaethics.v10i1.2024.93.
  14. Danarta, Agung. “Pattern Of Sufistic Hadith In The Concept Of Insan Kamil Abd Al-Karim Al-Jili.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 22, no. 1 (2021): 161–84. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2021.2201-08.
  15. Destiany, Agnesh Prima, dan Babang Robandi. “Penilaian Karakteristik Siswa Untuk Pembelajaran Yang Efektif Di SMA Negeri 1 Purwakarta.” Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Bina Darma 3, no. 2 (2023): 164–80. https://doi.org/10.33557/pengabdian.v3i2.2450.
  16. Durasa, Helfra. “Peran Filsafat Moral dalam Memanusiakan Manusia dan Urgensinya dalam Pendidikan.” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 6, no. 2 (2023): 231–37. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v6i2.45635.
  17. Fajarwati, Fajarwati. “Membangun Keluaga Qur’ani Di Era Digital, Antara Harapan Dan Tantangan.” Jurnal Tahqiqa : Jurnal Ilmiah Pemikiran Hukum Islam 17, no. 2 (2023): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.61393/tahqiqa.v17i2.163.
  18. Flavian, Heidi. “Transdisciplinary Teaching: Main Concepts and Perspectives.” Dalam Transdisciplinary Teaching in Inclusive Schools, oleh Heidi Flavian, vol. 8. Transdisciplinary Perspectives in Educational Research. Springer International Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52509-4_1.
  19. Gamage, Kelum A. A., D. M. S. C. P. K. Dehideniya, dan Sakunthala Y. Ekanayake. “The Role of Personal Values in Learning Approaches and Student Achievements.” Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11070102.
  20. Hadi, Abdul, Sarbini Anim, dan Hadi Yasin. “Integration of Islamic Principles and Modern Educational Theories in Islamic Education.” QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama 16, no. 2 (2024): 1385–98. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i2.6105.
  21. Harmita, Dwi, Deka Nurbika, dan Asiyah Asiyah. “Keteladanan Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Akhlakul Karimah pada Siswa.” Journal of Education and Instruction (JOEAI) 5, no. 1 (2022): 114–22. https://doi.org/10.31539/joeai.v5i1.3231.
  22. Haylamaz, Rasyid. Mentari Kasih Sayang Rasulullah Saw. yang Meluluhkan Kebekuan Hati. Republika Penerbit, 2021.
  23. Hendawi, Manal, Ghadah Al Murshidi, Muhammad Fazlurrahman Hadi, Miftachul Huda, dan Terence Lovat. “The Development of Islamic Education Curriculum from the Quranic Perspective.” Ar-Fahruddin: Journal of Islamic Education 1, no. 2 (2024): 99–123. https://doi.org/10.7401/hms52091.
  24. Kodir, Faqihuddin Abdul. Qira’ah Mubadalah. 1 ed. IRCiSoD, 2019.
  25. Kurniawan, Haris, Abas Mansur Tamam, dan Abdul Hayyie Al-Kattani. “Konsepsi Manusia Seutuhnya Dalam Kitab al-Insan al-Kamil Karya Abdul Karim al-Jili.” Rayah Al-Islam 5, no. 01 (2021): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v5i1.384.
  26. Masluhah, Masluhah, Kiki Rizkiatul Afifah, dan Mohamad Salik. “Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal Tentang Pendidikan Karakter Dan Relevansinya Dengan Era Disrupsi.” Ta’allum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 2 (2021): 317–38. https://doi.org/10.21274/taalum.2021.9.2.317-338.
  27. Muhammad, Husein. Nabi Mempermudah, Kita Mempersulit: Islam itu Mudah, Ramah dan Indah bagi Semuanya. IRCiSoD, 2024.
  28. Mukhtar, Mukhtar, Hamzah Hamzah, dan Basri Mahmud. “Sufistic Hermeneutics: the Construction of Ibn Arabi’s Esoteric Interpretation on the Process of Becoming Insan Kamil.” HERMENEUTIK 17, no. 1 (2023): 1. https://doi.org/10.21043/hermeneutik.v17i1.13745.
  29. Mulawarman, Widyatmike Gede, Kundori Kundori, Munir Tubagus, Loso Judijanto, dan Made Susilawati. “Character Education Management in Improving Students’ Spiritual Intelligence.” Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 1 (2024): 79–90. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v9i1.4550.
  30. Munawaroh, Nurullita Al, Aprilia Putri Hapsari, dan Nisa Amalia Kholifah. “Kompetensi Guru PAI Ideal Ditinjau Dari Sosok Nabi Muhammad Saw Sebagai Pendidik.” Intelegensia : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 10, no. 1 (2022): 43–53. https://doi.org/10.34001/intelegensia.v10i1.3311.
  31. Nasharuddin. Akhlak : Ciri Manusia Paripurna. Rajawali Pers, 2015.
  32. Nasucha, Muhammad Raihan, Khozin Khozin, dan I’anatut Thoifah. “Synergizing Islamic Religious Education and Scientific Learning in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review of Literature.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies) 11, no. 1 (2023): 109–30. https://doi.org/10.15642/jpai.2023.11.1.109-130.
  33. Nata, Abuddin. Akhlak Tasawuf dan Karakter Mulia. Rajawali Pers, 2021.
  34. Natadireja, Ujang, dan Kun Nurachadijat. “Evaluasi Pendidikan Menuju Insan Kamil dalam Perspektif Filsafat Ilmu.” Al-Idaroh: Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 2 (2023): 253–67. https://doi.org/10.54437/alidaroh.v7i2.929.
  35. Nur Hadi Ihsan, Fachri Khoerudin, dan Amir Amir Reza. “Konsep Insan Kamil Al-Jilli Dan Tiga Elemen Sekularisme.” al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies, 9 Oktober 2022, 48–65. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v5i4.323.
  36. Pallathadka, Harikumar, Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary, Iskandar Muda, Susilo H. Surahman, Ammar Abdel Amir Al-Salami, dan Zarina Nasimova. “The Study of Islamic Teachings in Education: With an Emphasis on Behavioural Gentleness.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 79, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8193.
  37. Rousseaux, Marc. “The ‘Übermensch’ An Educational Concept? Carl Friedrich May (1842-1912) Versus Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900).” Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis 60, no. 2 (2023): 175–82. https://doi.org/10.57028/S60-175-Z1042.
  38. Shihab, Quraish. Islam yang Saya Anut. Lentera Hati, 2017.
  39. Shihab, Quraish. Membumikan Al-Qur’an: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat. Mizan, 2013.
  40. Shihab, Quraish. Yang Hilang Dari Kita : Akhlak. PT.Lentera Hati, 2016.
  41. Siswanto, Siswanto. “Strengthening Spiritual Leadership in Preserving Religious Culture and Local Wisdom in Madrasah.” AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 3 (2022): 907–20. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i3.3357.
  42. Suryani, Ira, Hasan Ma’tsum, Nora Santi, dan Murali Manik. “Rukun Iman dalam Pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak.” Islam & Contemporary Issues 1, no. 1 (2021): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.57251/ici.v1i1.7.
  43. Tafsir, Ahmad. Filsafat Pendidikan Islami : Integrasi Jasmani, Rohani, dan Kalbu Memanusiakan Manusia. PT.Remaja Rosdakarya, 2019.
  44. Tafsir, Ahmad. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam. PT.Remaja Rosdakarya, 2019.
  45. Taneo, Rolin Ferdilianto Sandelgus. “Wacana Übermensch Dalam Pandangan Nietzsche Dan Peran Gereja Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di NTT.” Studia Philosophica et Theologica 24, no. 1 (2024): 46–64. https://doi.org/10.35312/spet.v24i1.607.